Verbs Agree With The Subject

Verb Agreement: The Heart of Grammatical Harmony

Subject-verb agreement, often simply called verb agreement, is a fundamental concept in grammar. It dictates that the verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular or plural) with its subject. Mastering subject-verb agreement is crucial for clear and effective communication, both in written and spoken English. This article will delve deep into the intricacies of subject-verb agreement, offering a comprehensive guide for learners of all levels. We'll explore various scenarios, common pitfalls, and helpful tips to ensure your sentences always sound polished and grammatically correct.

Understanding the Basics: Singular and Plural Subjects

Before diving into the complexities, let's establish the foundation. The basic rule is simple: a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

• Singular: The dog barks loudly. (Singular subject "dog," singular verb "barks")
• Plural: The dogs bark loudly. (Plural subject "dogs," plural verb "bark")

Seems straightforward, right? However, many nuances and exceptions make subject-verb agreement a challenging, yet rewarding, aspect of grammar to master.

Common Challenges and Exceptions to the Rule

The seemingly simple rule above often becomes complicated due to various intervening elements between the subject and the verb. Let’s explore some of the most frequent challenges:

1. Intervening Phrases and Clauses

Phrases or clauses coming between the subject and the verb do not affect the agreement. The verb still agrees with the subject, not with any noun within the intervening phrase.

• Correct: The box of chocolates is on the table. (Subject "box," singular verb "is")
• Incorrect: The box of chocolates are on the table.
• Correct: The students, along with their teacher, are going on a field trip. (Subject "students," plural verb "are")
• Incorrect: The students, along with their teacher, is going on a field trip.

2. Compound Subjects

Compound subjects joined by "and" are generally plural and take a plural verb.

• Correct: John and Mary are going to the party.

However, if the compound subject refers to a single entity or idea, it takes a singular verb.

• Correct: Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich. (Peanut butter and jelly is considered a single item.)

3. Subjects Joined by "or" or "nor"

When subjects are joined by "or" or "nor," the verb agrees with the subject closest to it.

• Correct: Neither the cats nor the dog is allowed inside. (Verb agrees with "dog")
• Correct: Neither the dog nor the cats are allowed inside. (Verb agrees with "cats")

4. Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns like each, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody are always singular and take a singular verb.

• Correct: Everyone is invited to the party.
• Correct: Somebody has taken my pen.

However, indefinite pronouns like both, few, many, several are always plural and take a plural verb.

• Correct: Many are called, but few are chosen.
• Correct: Several have expressed interest in the position.

Pronouns like some, any, none, all can be singular or plural depending on the noun they refer to.

• Correct: Some of the milk is spilled. (Refers to "milk," singular)
• Correct: Some of the apples are rotten. (Refers to "apples," plural)

5. Collective Nouns

Collective nouns (e.g., team, family, group, committee) can be singular or plural depending on whether they refer to the group as a single unit or to the individual members within the group.

• Correct: The team is undefeated this season. (Team as a single unit)
• Correct: The team are arguing amongst themselves. (Team as individual members)

6. Subjects That Appear Plural But Are Singular

Some nouns ending in "-s" are actually singular (e.g., news, measles, physics, mathematics). These take singular verbs.

• Correct: The news is good.
• Correct: Physics is a challenging subject.

7. Titles of Works

Titles of books, movies, or other works of art are always singular, even if they contain plural words.

• Correct: "The Great Gatsby" is a classic novel.

8. Expressions of Measurement or Quantity

Expressions of measurement or quantity generally take a singular verb.

• Correct: Ten dollars is a lot of money.
• Correct: Two kilometers is a long distance to walk.

However, if the focus is on the individual units, a plural verb may be used.

• Correct: Ten dollars are lying on the table. (Focusing on individual dollar bills)

9. Inverted Sentence Structure

In sentences with inverted structure (where the verb comes before the subject), be cautious to identify the true subject.

• Correct: There are many reasons for his success. (Subject "reasons," plural verb "are")
• Correct: Here comes the bus. (Subject "bus," singular verb "comes")

Tips for Mastering Subject-Verb Agreement

• Identify the subject: Carefully pinpoint the subject of the sentence. This is often the noun or pronoun performing the action.
• Ignore intervening phrases: Do not let prepositional phrases or other intervening elements distract you from the true subject.
• Pay attention to compound subjects: Remember the rules for subjects joined by "and," "or," or "nor."
• Learn indefinite pronoun rules: Memorize the singular and plural nature of various indefinite pronouns.
• Consider collective nouns carefully: Determine whether the collective noun refers to the group as a whole or its individual members.
• Practice regularly: The best way to master subject-verb agreement is through consistent practice. Read extensively, write frequently, and utilize online grammar exercises.
• Proofread diligently: Always proofread your work carefully to catch any agreement errors.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What are some common mistakes people make with subject-verb agreement?

A: Common mistakes include:

• Misidentifying the subject due to intervening phrases.
• Incorrectly handling compound subjects.
• Misusing indefinite pronouns.
• Treating collective nouns incorrectly.
• Incorrectly using verbs with inverted sentence structures.

Q: How can I improve my subject-verb agreement skills?

A: Consistent practice is key. Read widely, write frequently, and use online resources and grammar exercises. Pay close attention to the subject and verb in each sentence.

Q: Are there any online resources to help with subject-verb agreement?

A: Many online grammar websites and educational platforms offer lessons and exercises on subject-verb agreement. Search for "subject-verb agreement exercises" or "subject-verb agreement rules" to find helpful materials.

Q: Is subject-verb agreement important for writing academic papers?

A: Yes! Grammatical accuracy is essential in academic writing. Errors in subject-verb agreement can significantly detract from the credibility and clarity of your work.

Conclusion

Mastering subject-verb agreement is a crucial step toward becoming a confident and effective writer and speaker. While the rules might seem complex at first, with consistent practice and attention to detail, you can easily navigate the nuances and consistently write grammatically correct sentences. Remember to identify the subject accurately, consider intervening phrases, and understand the rules governing different types of subjects. By applying the strategies outlined above, you can confidently write with grammatical precision, ensuring your message is clear, effective, and impactful. The journey to mastering grammar may require time and effort, but the rewards of clear and effective communication are well worth it. So, keep practicing, keep learning, and keep writing!